Final answer:
European sales of luxury goods, such as textiles and firearms, caused havoc and civil strife among Africans. African societies had to trade enslaved people in exchange for these goods, leading to destabilization and the decline of African industries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d) Luxury goods.
The importation of European luxury goods, such as textiles, firearms, and other items, caused disruptions and conflicts in Africa. African societies had to trade enslaved people to Europeans in exchange for these goods, which led to the destabilization of regions and the militarization of states. The trade of luxury goods also negatively affected African industries, as they could not compete with the quantity and prices of European products.