Final answer:
Associations and memories become permanent in the temporal lobe, particularly in the hippocampus and related structures, through the consolidation process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The long-term storage of associations and memories occurs in the temporal lobe, specifically in the hippocampus and related medial temporal structures. These structures help encode and consolidate memories from the prefrontal cortex (where short-term memories are localized) to long-term memory. The consolidation of memories involves the transfer of information from short-term to long-term memory, making them more permanent.