Final answer:
Land-based empires from 1450-1750 often used religion to legitimize political authority. In the 21st century, the role of religion in politics varies, with some secular governments separating church and state, while others maintain religious influences. The philosopher Thomas Hobbes argued for judging political systems on their ability to ensure social peace, irrespective of religious ties.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evaluation of Religion's Role in Legitimizing Political Authority
During the period of 1450-1750, many empires used religion to legitimize their rulers and their authority, providing a divine justification for their political power. This practice was prevalent among land-based empires in Europe, Asia, and the Islamic world, where rulers often claimed a divine right to rule or portrayed themselves as protectors and promoters of the dominant religion. For instance, in medieval Europe, monarchies used Christianity as a pillar to justify their rule, and the Ottoman Empire employed Islam similarly.
In the 21st century, the extent to which religion reinforces or maintains political authority varies by region and state. While secularism has grown in many parts of the world, there are still countries where religion significantly influences politics, and theological rhetoric is sometimes mobilized to support governance. The most straightforward examples include theocratic states or countries where a particular religion is enshrined in the constitution, influencing the laws and social policies therein.
Thomas Hobbes, a philosopher from the mid-1600s, argued against the intertwining of religion and political legitimacy by suggesting that political systems should be evaluated based on their ability to maintain social peace. This notion reflects a shift towards secularism that can be seen in some modern political systems, which distinguish between religion and state governance to various degrees.