Final answer:
Some achievements of the Roman Empire, like public buildings and coins, were lost post-collapse, while Latin language usage and the Julian calendar persisted among the educated and in wider society.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the Roman Empire fell in the late fifth century, the city of Rome itself lost its sovereignty, marking a symbolic end to the Western Roman Empire. The achievements of Roman culture were partly lost, but other aspects were preserved, particularly by the Christian church. Lost achievements include public buildings, Roman coins, and widespread literacy. On the other hand, aspects like the Latin language persisted, especially among the educated, and the Julian calendar, developed by Julius Caesar, continued to be used widely until the eighteenth century. Latin was the lingua franca for scholarly communication, indicating the lasting impact of Roman administrative and intellectual culture even after the decline of Roman political power in the West.