Final answer:
Lacking the necessary enzymes to digest carbohydrates results in an inability to absorb glucose, leading to low energy and health issues. Undigested carbohydrates can cause gastrointestinal discomfort and, in severe cases like Sanfilippo Syndrome type B, lead to progressive cell damage. The immune system might also become compromised, increasing infection risk.
Step-by-step explanation:
Consequences of Lack of Carbohydrate-Digesting Enzymes
If the human body lacks enzymes to break down carbohydrates, it could not absorb the sugars needed for energy production. Carbohydrates are digested starting in the mouth with salivary amylase, which breaks down starches into simpler sugars such as maltose. In the small intestine, digestive enzymes, particularly pancreatic amylase, continue this process until disaccharides are finally broken into glucose, which the body can use.
Without these enzymes, digestion is hindered, leading to the unavailability of glucose as an energy source. This could result in lower energy levels and eventually chronic health conditions. Additionally, undigested carbohydrates could cause digestive issues such as gas, bloating, and diarrhea.
More severely, enzyme deficiencies, such as those seen in Sanfilippo Syndrome type B, lead to the accumulation of undigested carbohydrates in cells, causing progressive damage. This genetic condition is an example of what can happen when specific carbohydrate-breaking enzymes, in this case, those needed to degrade mucopolysaccharides, are missing.
Lastly, without certain hydrolytic enzymes, the immune system may be weakened, increasing susceptibility to infections. This is due to these enzymes' role in breaking down pathogens.