Final answer:
Prostate cancer symptoms are often related to urinary and sexual function due to the prostate gland's proximity to the urethra. Treatment ranges from active surveillance for slow-growing cancer to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation for aggressive types, which come with notable side effects. Diagnosis typically involves a rectal exam, PSA blood tests, and a biopsy if needed.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer symptoms can vary but often impact urination and sexual function due to the location of the prostate gland surrounding the urethra. The symptoms a client with prostate cancer might experience include frequent urination, difficulty maintaining a steady stream of urine, blood in the urine, painful urination, challenges achieving an erection, and painful ejaculation. These symptoms can arise because the tumor may be pressing on or interfering with the urethra and nearby tissues.
Treatment Options and Considerations
Treatment for prostate cancer depends on the individual's age, health, and how aggressive the cancer is. Active surveillance is often recommended for older patients with slow-growing tumors. In contrast, younger patients or those with more aggressive cancers may require more intensive treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. These treatments can have significant side effects, such as erectile dysfunction or urinary incontinence, which should be discussed thoroughly with healthcare providers.
Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is commonly diagnosed through a rectal exam, a blood test for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and if necessary, a biopsy. These methods help detect any unusual masses and characterize the nature of the cancer.