Final answer:
Conflicts over the changes for Native Americans were resolved through treaties, military defeat, and policies of assimilation that eventually shifted towards self-governance after Native American activism and legal victories.
Step-by-step explanation:
The conflicts over changes for Native Americans were ended through various means such as treaties, government policies of assimilation, and military defeat. The Treaty of Ghent officially ended the War of 1812 but failed to restore Native American lands. The shift to a policy of assimilation was marked by the Termination policy during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations, intending to end federal recognition of tribes. However, due to its failure and Native American activism, a reversal towards self-governance and strengthening tribal authority began in the 1970s.As European powers like France and Britain withdrew, Native Americans lost valuable allies and found their bargaining power significantly weakened. Government policies, notably under the Monroe administration, sought to move Native Americans beyond the reach of the white frontier, often resulting in the loss of their lands and sovereignty. Treaties often proved unfruitful for Native American interests, as they were either breached or agreed upon under duress. Over time, Native American resistance such as the Western Confederacy and the Northwest Indian War were quashed, leading to more loss of control over their territories.
By the late 20th century, Native American activism through organizations like the American Indian Movement (AIM), coupled with legal and legislative efforts, led to significant victories for Native Americans. Initiatives such as the Indian Self-Determination and Educational Assistance Act of 1975 provided tribes with greater autonomy over their resources, education, and federal aid.