Final answer:
The coefficients in the balanced equation for the production of NH₃ correspond to moles, molecules, and volumes, with masses. So, the correct options are B) moles, C) molecules, and D) volumes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The coefficients in the balanced equation for the production of NH3 correspond to moles, molecules, and volumes of the substances involved in the reaction. When we interpret the balanced equation N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH3 (g), we see that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2 moles of ammonia. This conventional interpretation utilizes the mole concept, which provides a direct relationship between the coefficient and the amount of substance in moles.
Furthermore, because equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules (Avogadro’s law), these coefficients can also correspond to volumes in reactions involving gases. Additionally, using molar mass as a conversion factor, we can relate moles to masses, enabling us to use the coefficients to determine the masses of reactants and products involved.
Since the question mentions masses and volumes, it should be noted that while coefficients directly correspond to moles and, by extension, to molecules and volumes, masses can only be derived by converting moles to grams using the molar mass of each substance.