Final answer:
All options listed, including consumption, government spending, investment, and net exports, have an effect on a country's GDP. However, based on the context provided, the degree of impact may vary.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question is centered around the components of a country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), specifically which one would not have an effect on the GDP if it changes. The major components that contribute to GDP are consumption, business investment, government spending on goods and services, and net exports. Of these four, consumption, government spending, and net exports directly influence the GDP as they represent economic activity within a country. Business investment also impacts GDP, particularly when it relates to domestic investment.
An analysis provided suggests that consumption is affected by changes in income, but it is assumed that government spending, investment, and net exports do not change as national income changes. These components are considered exogenous in the analysis and are part of autonomous spending.
According to the given analysis and the details about how government policy and spending choices can shift aggregate demand (AD), all options listed: consumption, government spending, investment, and net exports directly influence GDP. Therefore, technically, none of the listed options would have no effect on GDP; all would impact it, but the degree of fluctuation might depend on the specific economic context and policy decisions.