Final answer:
The sentence "John ate the cake" doesn't violate the NP (Det) N rule because "John" is a proper noun and does not require a determiner.the correct option in the final is b).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the sentence "John ate the cake," the structure does not violate the rule NP (Det) N, where NP stands for noun phrase, Det stands for determiner, and N stands for noun.
This rule can be applied to the object of the sentence, which is "the cake." Here, "the" is the determiner, and "cake" is the noun, creating a proper noun phrase as the object.
However, the subject "John" is itself a proper noun and does not require a determiner. Proper nouns inherently refer to specific entities and do not generally have determiners before them. Therefore, the correct option in the final answer is b) Due to the absence of a determiner before "John".