Final answer:
In meiosis, the paired homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I. This phase is critical for ensuring the daughter cells are haploid and genetically diverse.
Step-by-step explanation:
In meiosis, the process during which the paired homologous chromosomes separate is called anaphase I. This stage is critical in reducing the chromosome number by half, which is the hallmark of meiosis. During metaphase I, chromosomes align randomly at the equator with their homologous pairs. Then, in anaphase I, the spindle fibers pull the homologous chromosomes apart to opposite poles of the cell. This is followed by telophase I and cytokinesis, with the resultant daughter cells each having a random assortment of chromosomes.
It is important to note that anaphase II involves the separation of sister chromatids rather than homologous chromosomes. After anaphase II and the subsequent stages of meiosis II, four genetically diverse haploid gametic cells are produced. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is anaphase I.