Final answer:
Alexander Hamilton, as the former Secretary of the Treasury, played a crucial role in establishing the early stages of the American government through his efforts in creating the Bank of the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alexander Hamilton, option (a), was the former Secretary of the Treasury who was instrumental in establishing the early stages of the American government. As George Washington's secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795, Hamilton championed legislative efforts to create the Bank of the United States. This bank fostered economic development, printed and circulated paper money, and provided loans to the government. Hamilton's financial plan included the assumption of state debts and the creation of a national bank, which contributed to the establishment of a strong federal government.