Final answer:
The energy required to heat 10.9 grams of mercury from 21.6 °C to 35.4 °C is calculated using the formula q = mcΔT, with the specific heat capacity of mercury being 0.14 J/g°C and the change in temperature being 13.8 °C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a substance can be found using the formula q = mcΔT, where q is the heat energy in joules, m is the mass of the substance in grams, c is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
To find the energy required to heat 10.9 grams of mercury from 21.6 °C to 35.4 °C, we need to know the specific heat capacity of mercury, which is around 0.14 J/g°C. The change in temperature (ΔT) is 35.4 °C - 21.6 °C = 13.8 °C.
Using the formula, we get q = (10.9 g) * (0.14 J/g°C) * (13.8 °C) = 21.222 J. This is not an exact match to the multiple-choice options provided, which suggests there could be an error in the given options or in the values taken for calculation (such as the specific heat value of mercury). Therefore, I cannot confidently select one of the given answers.