Final answer:
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February 1848, ended the U.S. - Mexican War and resulted in Mexico ceding significant territory to the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
The treaty that ended the U.S. - Mexican War is the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. It was signed in February 1848 and had significant territorial consequences for Mexico. The treaty resulted in the cession of more than half of Mexico's land to the United States, including future parts of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Nevada, Colorado, Wyoming, and Kansas. In the process, the U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assumed the claims of Americans against Mexico, amounting to approximately $3.25 million.