Final answer:
The perennialist theory in education emphasizes timeless and universal knowledge and ideas, holding that education should focus on classic texts and universal truths to develop critical thinking and wisdom. Option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
The major educational principles of the perennialist theory in education align closely with option d) Emphasis on the timeless and universal knowledge and ideas.
Perennialism advocates for an education based on enduring themes and questions of human existence, encouraging students to engage with classic texts and ideas that have shaped human thought and culture over time.
This approach is rooted in the belief that certain truths are eternal and that education should focus on these enduring truths to develop critical thinking and wisdom.
Perennialism would see the broad exposure to various subjects in associate's and bachelor's degree programs not just as a way to broaden perspectives, but as an essential background for understanding the canonical works and ideas that perennialists consider central to a worthwhile education.
Far from being merely observers of cultural trends, perennialists would argue that students should be equipped to critically examine the philosophies and ideologies that shape their society.
This broad knowledge base is seen as the cultural capital necessary for an enriched life, as Socrates' idea suggests, "The unexamined life is not worth living."
In contrasting with other educational theories, perennialists would not primarily focus on social justice, real-world applications, or student interests as the core of education, but instead on the engagement with classical and philosophical texts and ideas that are perceived to stand the test of time.
So option d is the correct answer.