Final answer:
Henry VIII is associated with the dissolution of the monasteries and establishment of the Church of England. Edward V is associated with his mysterious disappearance in the Tower of London. Mary I attempted to restore Catholicism and Elizabeth I defeated the Spanish Armada and led a cultural flourishing.
Step-by-step explanation:
a) Henry VIII is associated with the dissolution of the monasteries and the establishment of the Church of England. During his reign, Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church and confiscated the wealth of monasteries in England.
b) Edward V is associated with his mysterious disappearance and presumed murder in the Tower of London. His disappearance is still a subject of mystery and speculation.
c) Mary I is associated with her attempted restoration of Catholicism in England, earning her the nickname 'Bloody Mary'. She executed several hundred Protestants as part of her efforts to bring back Catholicism.
d) Elizabeth I is associated with the defeat of the Spanish Armada and the Elizabethan era of cultural flourishing. Her victory over the Spanish Armada solidified England's naval dominance and her reign witnessed a flourishing of arts and culture.