Final answer:
Passive transport is a cellular mechanism that moves substances from higher to lower concentration without energy, including diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion moves solute particles, while osmosis is the movement of water through a membrane, often facilitated by aquaporins.
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Step-by-step explanation:
Passive Transport and Osmosis
Passive transport is a type of cellular transport that does not require energy and moves substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Diffusion is a form of passive transport where solute particles move down their concentration gradient.
Examples include the movement of oxygen into cells and carbon dioxide out of cells. On the other hand, osmosis specifically refers to the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration.
Facilitated diffusion is another form of passive transport where substances are transported across the plasma membrane with the help of carrier proteins, allowing substances that cannot directly diffuse through the lipid bilayer to move down their concentration gradients without the input of energy.
An example of passive transport across a membrane is the diffusion of solute particles, and the osmosis of water molecules through aquaporins. No external energy is needed, making this process a passive one.
However, certain factors can affect the rate of passive transport, such as particle size and temperature.
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