Final answer:
Wealthy members of the 3rd estate, including bankers, manufacturers, and merchants, were called the bourgeoisie, which positioned them as crucial players in the French Revolution for their desire for political recognition commensurate with their economic status. Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Step-by-step explanation:
Within the social hierarchy of pre-revolutionary France, wealthy members of the 3rd estate, such as bankers, manufacturers, and merchants, were called the bourgeoisie. This group played a significant role in driving the French Revolution due to their socio-economic position and desire for greater political power and recognition. Although they were part of the 3rd estate, they often had wealth comparable to the nobility but lacked the noble title and privileges. The bourgeoisie strived for recognition and a political voice that reflected their economic status. They were part of a broader social group that sought to redefine the nation's power structures and install systems based on merit, intelligence, and industry rather than hereditary privilege.