Final answer:
When the action potential frequency decreases along the vagus nerve, there is a decrease in NE release. The opening of Na ligand-gated channels can be caused by the release of glutamate by a presynaptic neuron.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an action potential travels down the vagus nerve with decreased frequency, there will be a decrease in the release of norepinephrine (NE) onto target cells. This decrease in NE release can lead to reduced transmission of signals to the target cells.
On the other hand, when a presynaptic neuron releases the neurotransmitter glutamate, it is likely to cause the opening of ligand-gated sodium (Na) channels on the postsynaptic membrane.
Based on these statements, the correct answer to the question is option c. A-C-C.