Final answer:
The student's given information does not align with the answers listed, but the concept involves using Newton's second law to determine the force required to change an asteroid's velocity, which depends on mass, change in speed, and the time over which the change occurs.
Step-by-step explanation:
It seems there might be some confusion in the student's question, as the given information does not correlate with the listed answers from A to D. However, I will address the concept presented in the scenario described by the student.
In physics, the change in velocity of an object when a force acts upon it is determined by Newton's second law, which states that the acceleration (a) of an object is directly proportional to the net force (F) acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass (m), as given by the equation F = ma. To find the force exerted on the asteroid to cause a change in speed, one would use the formula F = m × Δv / Δt, where Δv is the change in velocity and Δt is the time taken for this change.