Final answer:
The p-value for a Z score of 2.10, assuming a two-tailed test, typically would be slightly lower than 0.0719, which is the p-value for a Z score of 2.18. Since none of the provided options match this, the correct answer is e. none of these.
Step-by-step explanation:
In testing the hypothesis "μ = μ₀," where the test statistic is 2.10, the correct p-value must be determined by referencing a standard normal (Z) distribution table or using statistical software. A test statistic of 2.10 on a Z distribution corresponds to a p-value that represents the probability of observing a test statistic as extreme, or more extreme, than what was observed, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
Since the type of test (one-tailed or two-tailed) is not specified, a two-tailed test is assumed for a conservative estimate. In this case, the p-value would be twice the area in the tail beyond the Z value of 2.10. However, in this scenario, none of the options provided (a. 0.9821 b. 0.0179 c. 1.9642 d. 0.0358 e. none of these) directly match the calculated p-value for a Z value of 2.10 from standard statistical tables.
Typically, the p-value for a Z value of 2.10 would be slightly lower than the p-value for a Z value of 2.18, which is 0.0719 (a two-sided p-value). As none of the given options are correct and the exact value is not listed, the answer is e. none of these.