Final answer:
The hydrocarbons 3-methyloctane, heptane, and propane are categorized as saturated since they contain only single bonds. Cyclopentene is an alkene (unsaturated) with a double bond, and heptyne and propyne are alkynes (unsaturated) with triple bonds.
Step-by-step explanation:
To categorize each hydrocarbon as being saturated or unsaturated, we need to understand the structure of these molecules. Saturated hydrocarbons have only carbon-to-carbon single bonds, representing the maximum number of hydrogen atoms that can be bonded to the carbon atoms. These hydrocarbons follow the general formula CnH2n+2 for non-cyclic structures and CnH2n for cycloalkanes (saturated cyclic hydrocarbons).
Unsaturated hydrocarbons, on the other hand, include alkenes and alkynes. Alkenes contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds and have the general formula CnH2n for non-cyclic structures. Alkynes contain carbon-carbon triple bonds and follow the general formula CnH2n-2.
Saturated Hydrocarbons:
3-methyloctane
Heptane
Propane
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
Cyclopentene (alkene)
- Heptyne (alkyne)
- Propyne (alkyne)