Final answer:
The Three Cueing Systems model neglects the critical role of phonological processing in word recognition, a component better addressed by the Four-Part Processing Model. Semantic processing is crucial for memory retention, yet phonological processing is essential for decoding words, something not adequately emphasized in the Three Cueing Systems model.
Step-by-step explanation:
A significant shortcoming of the Three Cueing Systems model, compared to the Four-Part Processing Model, is that it obscures the role of phonological processing in word recognition. The Three Cueing Systems model focuses on meaning, syntax, and visual information to recognize words, but this can be problematic when teaching reading because it may lead to an understating of the importance of phonics, which is crucial for decoding unfamiliar words. On the other hand, the Four-Part Processing Model emphasizes phonological alongside semantic, syntactic, and orthographic skills, providing a more balanced approach to word recognition and reading.
Research, such as that by Craik and Tulving, highlights the importance of semantic processing in memory through semantic encoding. They found that words processed semantically were better retained than those processed visually or acoustically. However, when it comes to word recognition, particularly for emerging readers, phonological processing is essential for decoding unfamiliar words, thus the Three Cueing Systems model can be seen as deficient for not adequately highlighting this aspect of reading.
The functions of memory, according to another model, include encoding, storage, and retrieval. This allows us to understand how information is initially encoded, which is essential for subsequent storage and later retrieval. With regards to the discussion on cueing systems in reading, this reinforces the need to encode phonologically to effectively store and later retrieve the words.