Final answer:
Management in the text is defined through functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. It strikes a balance between efficiency and effectiveness and is not solely applicable to profit-driven organizations. Management styles like Theory X and Theory Y indicate varying approaches to employee relations and goal attainment. Thus, the option a is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
One of the important ideas in the text's definition of management is the management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. This encompasses various aspects of a manager's role within an organization, including setting objectives, coordinating resources to achieve these objectives, inspiring team members, and ensuring that organizational goals are met in an efficient and effective manner. The definition implies that management involves a balance of achieving both efficiency and effectiveness while working towards the attainment of organizational goals.
The concepts of Theory X and Theory Y management styles also contribute to our understanding of management. Theory X implies a more control-based approach to management, wherein efficiency might be stressed, whereas Theory Y suggests an employee-friendly approach that could indicate a preference for effectiveness in achieving organizational goals.
Additionally, management is not unique to for-profit organizations; it is required in all types of organizations to ensure the smooth operation and success. Concepts such as bureaucracy and strengths-based management indicate that management styles and structures can vary, impacting how goals are pursued.