Final answer:
The specific site where bacterial chromosome replication begins is called the origin of replication, and it serves as the starting point for DNA replication in prokaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific site on the bacterial chromosome at which replication begins is called the origin of replication. In prokaryotic cells, like those of E. coli, replication starts at a single origin of replication found on the chromosome, and then continues in both directions at once. This site is recognized by certain proteins, including an enzyme known as helicase, which unwinds the DNA to allow replication to proceed. The initiation of replication occurs at this specific nucleotide sequence, where various proteins bind to start the replication process.