Final answer:
The non-coding regions, or introns, of the newly synthesized mRNA molecule do not transmit information for protein synthesis and are removed during splicing. The 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail also do not code for proteins but are important for mRNA stability and translation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The parts of the newly synthesized mRNA molecule that do not transmit information for the synthesis of protein are the non-coding regions, specifically the introns. During the processing of pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells, these introns are removed through a process called splicing. The pre-mRNA also receives a 5' cap and a 3' poly-A tail, which are not translated into protein but are crucial for mRNA stability and the initiation of translation. These modifications are essential for creating a mature mRNA molecule that can exit the nucleus and be used in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.