Final answer:
Alkenes can be converted into halohydrins (OH and R) when treated with either the elemental halogen or the hydrogen halide. This reaction is known as halohydrin formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alkenes can be converted into halohydrins (OH and R) when treated with either the elemental halogen or the hydrogen halide. This reaction is known as halohydrin formation. For example, when an alkene reacts with bromine in the presence of water, a bromohydrin is formed:
In this reaction, the alkene undergoes addition of both bromine and water across the double bond, resulting in the formation of a bromohydrin.
Alkenes can be converted into halohydrins by treatment with a halogen and water, typically leading to the addition of a halogen atom and a hydroxyl group across the double bond.
Alkenes can be converted into halohydrins when treated with a mixture of a halogen (such as chlorine, Cl₂ or bromine, Br₂) and water (H₂O). The halogen adds across the double bond of the alkene, forming a halonium ion intermediate, which is then attacked by a water molecule, leading to the formation of a halohydrin. This transformation is a hallmark example of a halogenation reaction followed by nucleophilic opening of the resulting halonium ion by a water molecule.
Another method to form halohydrins includes the use of NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) in the presence of water. This reaction provides a more selective means of brominating alkenes and can be particularly useful in complex synthetic procedures where selective functionalization is needed.