Final answer:
Group 1 and 2 elements are metals and form basic solutions when dissolved in water. Group 2, known as alkaline earth metals, includes elements like calcium and magnesium. Group 14 contains metals like tin and lead that form compounds reflecting the inert pair effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Group 1 and 2 elements on the periodic table are indeed metals and tend to form basic (alkaline) compounds when dissolved in water. This is because Group 1 elements have one s electron in their outer shell and Group 2 elements have two electrons in that outer shell, resulting in similar electron configurations within each group that lead to similar chemical properties.
Moreover, Group 2 elements, also known as the alkaline earth metals, form compounds that are basic in solution. For instance, when these metal elements such as calcium (Ca) or magnesium (Mg) react with water, they produce hydroxide ions (OH-), thereby making the solution alkaline.
The metallic members of Group 14 include tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl), with tin and lead exhibiting common oxidation states of +2 and +4, influenced by the inert pair effect. This effect also plays a role in the type of bonds these elements form, such as covalent bonds in SnCl4 and PbCl4, which are low-boiling covalent liquids. The mention of 227°C likely relates to a specific element's melting point and corresponds to an observed data point that fits within the predicted trend of melting points along the periodic table.