Final answer:
The process of launching a new product into full-scale production and sales is termed Commercialization option d. This follows a detailed design phase entailing market analysis and refinement of the product's physical details.
Step-by-step explanation:
The stage of the new-product process that positions and launches a new product in full-scale production and sales is known as d) Commercialization. During this phase, the product has been developed, tested, and is now ready to be produced in volume and sold in the market. It follows the detailed design development stage, which includes thorough market analysis and finalization of the product's physical components, often involving extensive prototyping, testing, and iteration to perfect the design. Commercialization decisions encompass what products to produce, production processes, output levels, pricing, and labor requirements, heavily influenced by the product's market structure and competitive environment.