Question

Heritable traits, both normal and disease producing, are determined by which of the following?

(A) introns and exons of protein-coding genes with epigenetic control
(B) RNA-coding genes under epigenetic control
(C) protein-coding genes, RNA-coding genes, and epigenetic control
(D) protein-coding genes, processed pseudogenes and retrogenes, and epigenetic control

Answer 1

Heritable traits are determined by protein-coding genes, RNA-coding genes, and epigenetic control, which involves heritable modifications that regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Step-by-step explanation:

Heritable traits, both normal and disease producing, are determined by protein-coding genes, RNA-coding genes, and epigenetic control. Protein-coding genes are responsible for creating proteins that perform most life processes. RNA-coding genes are involved in creating various types of RNA molecules that have various functions in the cell, including some that are part of the protein synthesis machinery. Epigenetic control refers to heritable changes that can turn genes on or off without altering the actual DNA sequence. These can include chemical modifications to the DNA, modifications to histones around which DNA is wrapped, as well as changes in chromosomal structure, all of which can affect gene expression levels.