Final answer:
Assisted biosynthesis of nucleic acids is catalyzed by enzymes such as aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, with modified nucleosides synthesized through palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and incorporated into oligonucleotides via enzymatic polymerase approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The assisted biosynthesis of complementary nucleic acids is catalyzed by various enzymes, one of which includes the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. This enzyme plays a key role in translating genetic information from mRNA into protein by attaching the correct amino acid to its tRNA, which then interacts with the mRNA within the ribosome to add the amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.
In addition to this, the synthesis of modified nucleosides and their incorporation into oligonucleotides can be achieved via palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, and these modified nucleotides can then be incorporated into nucleic acids through enzymatic approaches such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), provided that steric limitations do not hinder the process. These enzymatic approaches contribute to the overall process of polymer replication and synthesis of biologically important nucleic acids, which are vital for the various biochemical reactions that sustain cellular function and contribute to life's origins in an RNA world or RNA-protein world.