Final answer:
The programming techniques for program design include top down program design, pseudocode, flowcharts, and control structures, with engineers using a structured approach to define design problems and iterate designs in a spiral process.
Step-by-step explanation:
The programming techniques for program design mentioned consist of the following four: (1) topdown program design, (2) pseudocode, (3) flowcharts, (4) control structures. In the context of engineering and program design, when engineers generate ideas in the design process they use a structured approach.
Techniques used to define the design problem include trying to identify the real problem and gathering information from customers. Furthermore, the design process is often a sequential process where each step follows the previous one, but it can also be iterative as in a spiral design process, which accounts for the repeated evaluation and prototyping needed to refine and improve a design.