Final answer:
Recall bias is when individuals misremember past events, often recalling them in a way that fits their current beliefs or emotions, while interviewer bias occurs when the characteristics or behavior of the interviewer influence respondents' answers. Both biases are categorized under cognitive biases, which include various types of systematic errors in thinking and judgment.
Step-by-step explanation:
Recall bias is a type of cognitive bias that occurs when individuals do not remember past events accurately, often recalling events in a way that reinforces their current beliefs or emotions. This type of bias can lead individuals to remember certain details while forgetting others, distorting the accuracy of their memories. An example of recall bias can be seen when people think back on past events with nostalgia, potentially enhancing their memories to be more positive or noteworthy than they may have been in reality.
Interviewer bias refers to biases introduced by the interviewers in research studies, such as surveys or interviews, which can influence respondents' answers. This can occur when the interviewer's demeanor, phrasing of questions, or personal characteristics, such as gender, race, or social class, affect how participants respond. Interviewer bias can compromise the validity of the data collected, introducing errors into the findings of a study.
Both recall and interviewer biases fall under the category of cognitive biases. Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. These biases can affect not only how individuals recall past events but also how they interpret current situations and make decisions for the future.