Final answer:
Information bias (misclassification) refers to the distortion or misclassification of information. It occurs when data is inaccurately collected, recorded, or analyzed, leading to biased results.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information bias (misclassification) refers to the distortion or misclassification of information. It occurs when data is inaccurately collected, recorded, or analyzed, leading to biased results. This bias can occur in various ways, such as through measurement errors, subjective interpretations, or selective reporting.
For example, in a research study, information bias can occur if participants are asked to recall events from the past, as their memory may be biased or inaccurate. Similarly, if data is selectively collected or only includes certain groups, it can lead to biased conclusions.