Option B. conflict is a disagreement over issues of substance or an emotional antagonism.
How is it so?
Conflict is generally defined as a disagreement or struggle between two or more parties over issues of substance or an emotional antagonism. It can arise from differences in opinions, values, goals, or interests. Conflicts can manifest in various forms, such as interpersonal conflicts between individuals, organizational conflicts within a group or team, or even societal conflicts on a larger scale.
In the context of the options you provided:
a) Avoidance: This refers to the act of avoiding or evading a conflict. It does not represent the conflict itself.
b) Conflict: This is the correct answer, as conflict is the explicit mention of a disagreement or emotional antagonism.
c) Competition: While competition involves a certain level of rivalry, it may not necessarily imply a disagreement over substantive issues or emotional antagonism.
d) Opposition: This term can involve disagreement but might not necessarily include emotional antagonism.
Therefore, "conflict" is the term that best fits the description of a disagreement over issues of substance or an emotional antagonism.