Final answer:
A free-market approach to healthcare distribution aligns with the libertarian theory which advocates for minimal government intervention, relying on market forces to determine healthcare allocation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Using a free-market approach to distribute healthcare within society best fits the category known as a libertarian theory. Proponents of free-market economics argue that healthcare, like any other good or service, should be distributed through the mechanisms of supply and demand without government intervention. This perspective believes in the efficiency of the market to establish prices and distribute services based on people's willingness and ability to pay. Adam Smith's concept of the 'invisible hand' is often cited in support of this view, suggesting that a competitive market naturally leads to optimal outcomes for both producers and consumers. However, when applying this theory to healthcare, critics raise concerns about health disparities that may arise from a system that favors those with the ability to pay.