Final answer:
According to Herzberg, 'hygiene factors' are working conditions, organizational policies, and salary, and they are part of job context that can lead to dissatisfaction if inadequate. Organizational psychology measures job satisfaction, which is most strongly influenced by work content. Human factors psychology deals with the ergonomic design of work environments and tools. Option d.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to Herzberg, hygiene factors option d that are part of job context include working conditions, organizational policies, and salary. These factors don't lead to higher levels of motivation, but if they are inadequate, they can lead to dissatisfaction. In contrast to hygiene factors, satisfier factors or motivators are elements associated with the content of the job itself, like recognition, responsibility, and opportunities for personal growth, which can lead to satisfaction and are intrinsically motivating.
Organizational psychology is the area of I-O (Industrial-Organizational) psychology that measures job satisfaction. This field studies how work environments and organizational structures influence worker attitudes, behaviors, and productivity. Research within organizational psychology has indicated that work content factors, such as job variety, difficulty level, and role clarity, are the most strongly predictive of overall job satisfaction. Furthermore, workers are most satisfied when they have autonomy, feel part of the decision-making process, and feel integral to the outcome of their work.
Human factors psychology examines the relationship between humans and various system components, focusing on designing tools and work environments that complement the user's physical and psychological characteristics. This can include studying the ergonomics of office workstations, such as the ideal height of a chair or positioning at a desk for health and comfort.