Final answer:
The correct answer is c) Type A personality, which is characterized by extreme achievement orientation, impatience, and perfectionism. People with this personality type exhibit characteristics like a competitive drive, time urgency, and hostility towards others that inhibit their progress, which can lead to health issues like heart disease.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is c) Type A personality. People with a Type A personality are known for their extreme achievement orientation, impatience, and perfectionism. This type of personality is contrasted with Type B personality, which is characterized by a more laid-back and relaxed attitude. According to research by Friedman & Rosenman (1974), notable characteristics of a Type A pattern include an excessive competitive drive, chronic sense of time urgency, and hostility towards others, especially if they impede the person's goals. They are often preoccupied with deadlines and always seem to be in a rush. Moreover, they may face health issues such as heart disease due to their intense lifestyle, as found in Friedman and Rosenman's studies. An example that illustrates a Type A personality is Jeffrey, who is described as a driven individual who experiences frustration due to a constant sense of not achieving enough and is quick-tempered with coworkers. His intense work ethic contributes to difficulties in personal relationships and even increases his risk of heart disease. Jeffrey personifies the distinctive traits of the Type A personality in his daily life.