Final answer:
Bureaucratic controls influence behavior through internal measures like authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and supervision, ensuring organizational goals are met and employees' actions align with expectations. Option c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Controls that influence behavior through authority, policies, procedures, job descriptions, budgets, and day-to-day supervision are typically referred to as bureaucratic controls option c. These are the methods by which an organization or bureaucracy internally regulates its operations and aligns its workforce's behavior with the organization's goals and objectives. Bureaucratic control systems depend on a framework of authority and a set of formal rules and standards to guide the behavior of individuals within the institution.
For example, job descriptions provide employees with a clear understanding of their responsibilities and the behaviors expected of them. Policies and procedures establish standards and processes for various scenarios, ensuring consistency and compliance. Budgets act as a financial framework within which the activities must be conducted, serving as a control on spending. Direct supervision and performance reviews ensure that employees adhere to the organization's expectations and make necessary adjustments to their behavior. In contrast, market controls influence behavior through competitive forces, and external controls can include regulations and laws imposed by governments or other external bodies.