Final answer:
The correct answer is c) short-range plans, which are designed for a time frame of a year or less, are adaptable, and address immediate goals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is c) short-range plans. These plans refer to a time frame that covers a year or less. These plans are usually a. short term and easily changed, reflecting a pattern of b. a pattern of short-term characteristics that are inherently c. unstable and short term. Unlike long-term plans, which are d. long term, stable and not easily changed, short-range plans are adapted to address immediate and near-term objectives and can be modified as situations change.
In contrast, plans like the historical Five-Year Plans adopted by the Soviet Union were meant for longer terms and aimed at setting ambitious industrial and agricultural output goals, showing a commitment to more extended planning periods despite potential impracticalities.