Final Answer
The term that can be best described as an invisible barrier limiting career advancement for women and minorities is d) glass ceiling effect.
Step-by-step explanation:
The "glass ceiling effect" refers to an invisible, societal barrier that prevents certain demographic groups, especially women and minorities, from rising to top positions within an organization. This phenomenon is characterized by an apparent limitation on the career advancement of qualified individuals due to factors such as gender, race, or ethnicity. The term "glass ceiling" implies that while there may be opportunities and advancements at lower and middle levels, there is an unseen barrier preventing further ascent to top leadership roles.
The glass ceiling effect is not solely a result of individual prejudice or explicit discrimination but often stems from systemic and ingrained biases within organizational structures. It manifests in subtle ways, such as disparities in promotion rates, unequal access to high-profile projects, and limited representation in executive positions.
Overcoming the glass ceiling requires addressing and dismantling these systemic barriers, promoting diversity and inclusion initiatives, and creating equal opportunities for career growth for all individuals, regardless of gender or ethnicity. Organizations committed to breaking the glass ceiling foster environments that value diversity and provide pathways for the advancement of underrepresented groups. OPTION D