Final answer:
Shear deformation is calculated using the shear modulus, the applied force, and the object's dimensions. The shear modulus indicates a material's resistance to shearing forces and plays a central role in calculating deformation for objects like spinal disks and pencils.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student's question involves a physics concept known as shear deformation. To determine the shear deformation of an object, like a spinal disk or a pencil, you use the shear modulus of the material, the force applied, and the dimensions of the object. The shear modulus is a coefficient that measures how a material resists shearing forces, and it is used in the formula δ = F / (A * S) where δ is the shear deformation, F is the force applied, A is the cross-sectional area, and S is the shear modulus.
- For the spinal disk with a shear modulus of 1 x 109 N/m², under a shearing force of 600 N, and given dimensions (0.700 cm high and 4.00 cm in diameter), we would calculate the cross-sectional area A and use these values to find the shear deformation.
- For the pencil, held at an angle and with a specific force applied at a distance from the joint, the flex and compression would be analyzed by considering the bending moment and shear modulus, in addition to the dimensions and angles provided.
To determine the magnitude of force P applied to a 20 mm-wide block adhered to rigid plates (as mentioned in the original question), we would need to know the shear modulus of the block's material, the dimensions of the deformation, and the dimensions of the block to apply a similar formula for shear stress and deformation.