Final answer:
True, functional modifications can help an organization appear progressive. Modernization theory has not definitively linked economic growth to democratic institutions, and a positive correlation does not inherently imply health benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
True or false: Functional modifications help an organization achieve and maintain a progressive image. This statement is true. Functional modifications refer to changes that an organization makes to its processes, products, or services to improve its function or to keep up with current trends and technologies. These modifications can lead to a perception of the organization as progressive and forward-thinking, which is crucial in today's fast-paced business environment. For example, a company that adopts environmentally friendly practices may be seen as more progressive compared to its competitors.
Modernization theory suggests that as countries develop economically, they will also develop democratic institutions. However, this theory has not clearly established a causal link between economic growth and democracy. Critics point out that economic growth can occur in non-democratic settings, and conversely, there are democracies with struggling economies.
Regarding the statement that a positive correlation means there are health benefits to the variable under investigation, it should be clarified that a positive correlation simply indicates that two variables move in the same direction, but it does not imply causation or necessarily mean that there are health benefits.
As expressed in Figure 7.4, functionalists believe in the importance of deviance within society. It is understood that deviance can play a constructive role by challenging people's views and the status quo, thereby contributing to social change. The actions of protesters, like those from PETA, exemplify this idea as they draw attention to their causes and encourage discussion and potential shifts in societal perspectives.