Final answer:
A reference group is the type of group whose values and norms influence an individual's behavior, serving as a standard for self-evaluation and playing a critical role in socialization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of group whose presumed perspectives or values are being used by an individual as the basis for his or her current behavior is known as a reference group. Reference groups serve as a standard for evaluating oneself and are crucial in the process of socialization. These groups can consist of one's peers, family, cultural groups, athletes, coworkers, or any collective whose norms and values an individual compares themselves against.
Understanding reference groups is fundamental in sociology, particularly when considering the impact they have on behavior, social norms, and opinions. Whether the reference group is recognized or not, it influences an individual's actions and thought processes, shaping social identities and political views. Identifying reference groups can enlighten individuals about the origins of the social expectations and ideals they adhere to or seek to avoid.