Final answer:
Neurulation is the process by which the neural plate forms and folds to become the neural tube, giving rise to the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.
Step-by-step explanation:
During human neurulation, the neural plate forms from ectodermal tissue and starts folding inward. These folds, known as the neural folds, converge to create the neural tube, laying the foundation for the development of the central nervous system. The neural tube is the precursor to the spinal cord, and the bulging region at its anterior end develops into the brain. Surrounding tissues such as the mesoderm-derived notochord and somites support and give rise to other vital structures like the axial skeleton and skeletal muscle.
The organogenesis process, including neurulation, is crucial as it establishes the basic layout for the future nervous system, starting from a simple hollow structure and evolving into the complex array of brain and spinal cord components.