Final answer:
Signal input in a neuron primarily occurs at the dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons. The axon hillock integrates these signals, and the axon transmits the integrated signal to target cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Signal Reception and Transmission in Neurons
In a typical neuron, signal input primarily occurs at the dendrites. These branching extensions of the neuron receive signals from other neurons through synapses. Once a signal is received by the dendrite, it travels passively to the cell body, or the soma. The signal processing and initiation of a response takes place at a specialized structure called the axon hillock. It is at the axon hillock that multiple signals from various synapses are integrated. After integration, the signal is transmitted into the axon. The axon is responsible for conducting the integrated electrical signal to the target cell through its terminal buttons, which release chemicals known as neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons, muscle, or target organs.
Therefore, signal input occurs at the dendrites, while the axon is responsible for transmitting the electrical signal to a target cell.