Final answer:
A cytogeneticist studies chromosomes microscopically, using techniques such as karyotyping and cytogenetic mapping to identify abnormalities and estimate distances between genetic markers on chromosomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
A cytogeneticist's primary role is to study chromosomes microscopically. This can involve examining the structure and number of chromosomes in a cell, as well as identifying any anomalies. One of the key techniques used by cytogeneticists is karyotyping. Karyotyping involves the microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes to identify chromosomal abnormalities linked with various genetic traits or disorders. Chromosomes are stained and then examined to estimate the distance between genetic markers, a process known as cytogenetic mapping.
Moreover, cytogenetic mapping helps to obtain information from microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes. It sometimes allows researchers to estimate the approximate or, in some cases, the exact base pair distance between markers. By employing techniques like cytogenetic mapping, cytogeneticists play a crucial role in the field of genetic mapping and provide insights into chromosomal functions and complications.