Final answer:
An organized representation of the chromosomes of a cell is called a karyotype, which includes characteristics such as chromosome size, banding patterns, and centromere position and is visualized through a karyogram.
Step-by-step explanation:
An organized representation of the chromosomes of a cell is called a karyotype. A karyotype is characterized by an individual's chromosome number and appearance, which includes the size, banding patterns, and centromere position of the chromosomes. To visualize an individual's karyotype, a karyogram, which is a photographic image of the karyotype, is used. In a karyogram, cytologists photograph the chromosomes and arrange them into a systematic chart. This process is vital in cytogenetics for detecting chromosomal abnormalities, such as monosomy, where one chromosome is missing from the otherwise diploid genotype.
The observable traits expressed by an organism, on the other hand, are described as its phenotype. The mapping of all 23 pairs of chromosomes during the completion of the Human Genome Project provided a detailed karyotype of human chromosomes, enabling further insight into the relationship between an individual's genotype and phenotype.