Final answer:
Scientific management, introduced by Fredrick Taylor, emphasizes the "one best way" to perform a task to increase productivity through time-motion studies and standardization The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management theory that emphasizes there is "one best way" to perform a job or task to increase productivity, identified through the study of each task and the development of precise procedures, is Scientific management. This approach was pioneered by Fredrick Taylor, who introduced time-motion studies to standardize work tasks for greater efficiency. His objective was to maximize productivity beneficial to both the employer and employee through these optimized and standardized procedures, with little regard for worker autonomy or well-being.