Question

In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

A) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials.
B) close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses.
C) regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell.
D) A and C
E) A, B, and C

Answer 1

When a neurotransmitter binds to a postsynaptic cell, it can open chemically gated ion channels, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, and affect protein synthesis and metabolic activities.

Step-by-step explanation:

When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor on the postsynaptic cell, it can cause several responses:

1. Opening chemically gated ion channels: This leads to the generation of fast synaptic potentials, also known as graded potentials. For example, acetylcholine binding to Na+ channels opens them, resulting in an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP).
2. Closing ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems: This produces slow responses. For instance, inhibitory synapses release GABA, which opens Cl- channels, leading to an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP).
3. Regulating protein synthesis and affecting metabolic activities: Neuronal signaling can influence gene expression and the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell.

Therefore, the correct answer is E) A, B, and C.